System Design Notes: 28 chapters of system design interview knowledge
A 28-chapter guide for system design interview prep, covering Rate Limiter to Stock Exchange with topic notes and references rather than code.
GitHub liquidslr/system-design-notes Updated 2026-09-10 Branch main Stars 18.0K Forks 3.4K
System Design Interview Distributed Systems Consistent Hashing Rate Limiter System Design Interviews

🧭 Decision Guide

Try it if you

  • You want structured review of interview topics such as Rate Limiter, Consistent Hashing, and Key-Value Store
    The README lists Chapter 4, Chapter 5, and Chapter 6
  • You want to continue researching through Amazon Dynamo, Snowflake, or Google Maglev
    The README's Additonal Resources section provides these links

Skip it if you

  • You need deployable implementations of a Rate Limiter, Payment System, or Web Crawler
    The README describes the project as notes based on books and lists no code commands or implementation interfaces
  • You require stable releases, packages, or a clearly defined technology stack
    Project metadata shows 0 releases and No releases, while the stack is Mixed/Unknown

Requirements

  • The README provides no runtime, version, backend, or hardware requirements; the content is based on System Design Interview Vol 1 and Vol 2 2nd Ed
  • The README explicitly states: These notes are a work in progress

Watch out

  • The Chapter 27 directory path contains two spaces: ./27.%20%20Digital%20Wallet/
    The original link in the README chapter list
  • The README labels the content as work in progress, so chapter coverage does not mean every chapter is complete
    The README note: These notes are a work in progress

Alternatives

  • System Design Interview Vol 1 and Vol 2 2nd Ed:When you need the complete books underlying the README rather than repository notes
    README body
  • ByteByteGo System Design Interview:When you prefer the online course directly linked by the README over Markdown chapter indexes
    README title link

Not stated in the README

  • The README does not specify the completion status, length, or presence of architecture diagrams for each of the 28 chapters
  • The README does not specify whether tests, example code, build steps, or executable projects exist
  • The README does not specify the license, contribution rules, or content update policy
  • The README does not specify the synchronization relationship between the Pagefy.io page and repository content

💡 Deep Analysis

6
No I want to copy and adapt this project's Markdown notes into corporate training material. I require a clear license, a stable release version, and a traceable content baseline. Can I adopt it directly?
For: An engineering manager planning to copy or adapt the notes for corporate training or a public course, requiring a clear license and stable version

No, it should not be adopted directly because its licensing and version-governance information is insufficient for your corporate-training constraints.

  • The project data lists license as Unknown, and the README contains no license statement or redistribution terms.
  • The project data shows an empty latest_release and release_count of 0, so there is no obvious release version to pin.
  • The README says, “These notes are a work in progress,” indicating that the content is still evolving. Since the notes are based on both volumes of System Design Interview, the copyright boundaries for copying or adapting the material also need to be confirmed.
  • Project data: `license` is `Unknown`
  • Project data: `latest_release` is empty and `release_count` is `0`
  • README: “These notes are a work in progress.”
  • README: “These notes are based on the System Design Interview books - Vol 1 and Vol 2 2nd Ed”
Not stated in the README:The README does not state whether copying, adaptation, and redistribution are permitted.;The project data does not indicate whether the repository contains a separate copyright notice, contributor agreement, or release policy.
No I want to study Discord chat, Netflix video encoding, and a Real-time Gaming Leaderboard within one system-design review path. Does this project provide enough practical validation?
For: A developer studying real-time system cases, with a focus on Discord chat, Netflix video encoding, and real-time gaming leaderboards

No, it is not suitable as a practical validation platform. It is useful for building a case index and reading path, but there is no evidence that it provides runnable implementations or test environments.

  • The README includes Chat System and Real-time Gaming Leaderboard chapters, and the Chat Systems resources link to Discord’s article about storing billions of messages.
  • The YouTube resources include Netflix Video Encoding at Scale, which can extend the reading path into video-processing architecture.
  • The project insight explicitly says that no runnable code, experiment environment, or validation benchmarks are shown. Therefore, real-time latency, message delivery, encoding throughput, and leaderboard consistency cannot be tested within the repository.
  • README chapters: “Design A Chat System”; “Real-time Gaming Leaderboard”
  • README Additional Resources / Chat Systems: “How Discord stores billions of messages”
  • README Additional Resources / Youtube: “Netflix Video Encoding at Scale”
  • Project insight: no runnable code, experiment environment, or validation benchmarks are shown
Not stated in the README:The README does not state whether these cases include latency targets, throughput numbers, or message-delivery semantics.;The README provides no Docker setup, test scripts, sample data, or deployment instructions.
Yes I am preparing for System Design Interview Vol. 1 and Vol. 2. I want to learn capacity estimation and the interview framework before reviewing rate limiting, key-value stores, message queues, and payment systems. Is this project suitable as my main study entry point?
For: A software engineer preparing for the System Design Interview Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 interviews who wants a structured path through 28 system-design topics

Yes, it is suitable as a structured review entry point, but not as a complete replacement for the books. The README explicitly covers both volumes and organizes topics from fundamentals to concrete system cases.

  • Chapter 1, “Scale From Zero To Millions Of Users,” Chapter 2, “Back-of-the-envelope Estimation,” and Chapter 3, “A Framework For System Design Interviews,” match the study order you described.
  • The index then includes Rate Limiter, Key-Value Store, Distributed Message Queue, and Payment System.
  • The README also says, “These notes are a work in progress,” so chapter depth and completeness should not be treated as finalized.
  • README: “System Design Interview - An Insider's Guide (Vol 1 and 2)”
  • README chapters: “Chapter 1 - Scale From Zero To Millions Of Users”; “Chapter 2 - Back-of-the-envelope Estimation”; “Chapter 3 - A Framework For System Design Interviews”
  • README chapters: “Design A Rate Limiter”; “Design A Key-Value Store”; “Distributed Message Queue”; “Payment System”
  • README: “These notes are a work in progress.”
Not stated in the README:The README does not state the completion level, depth, or review process for each chapter.;The README does not provide interview questions, exercises, or mock-interview features.
It depends I need to assign review material to backend candidates covering Rate Limiter, Chat System, Search Autocomplete, and Payment System. Can this repository serve as a shared reading list for the team?
For: An engineering manager organizing system-design review material for backend candidates, focusing on rate limiting, chat, search autocomplete, and payments

It depends: the repository works well as a shared reading list, but not as a formal course or the sole basis for evaluation. The README provides explicit entries for all four topics and adds selected engineering references.

  • The index includes Design A Rate Limiter, Design A Chat System, Design A Search Autocomplete System, and Payment System.
  • The Rate Limiting section links the Circuit Breaker Algorithm and Uber Rate Limiter; the Chat Systems section links engineering articles from Discord and Slack.
  • However, the README only says that the notes are a work in progress. It provides no course objectives, assignments, difficulty labels, or common assessment criteria.
  • README chapters: “Design A Rate Limiter”; “Design A Chat System”; “Design A Search Autocomplete System”; “Payment System”
  • README Additional Resources / Rate Limiting: “Circuit Breaker Algorithm”; “Uber Rate Limiter”
  • README Additional Resources / Chat Systems: “How Discord stores billions of messages”; “Flannel: An Application-Level Edge Cache to Make Slack Scale”
  • README: “These notes are a work in progress.”
Not stated in the README:The README does not specify study time, prerequisites, or a common assignment format for each chapter.;Project data provides no release version or license information, so governance requirements for formal corporate training are unknown.
Yes I am studying key-value-store designs from Amazon Dynamo, Cassandra, and Google Bigtable, and I also want to understand consistent hashing in Discord and Google Maglev. Can this project support that kind of cross-referenced study?
For: A distributed-systems learner comparing the design trade-offs of Amazon Dynamo, Cassandra, and Google Bigtable

Yes, it is suitable for linking these materials together, but it is not sufficient for implementation-level or experiment-level validation. The project separates consistent hashing and key-value stores into dedicated chapters and lists the relevant papers and engineering materials in the README.

  • The Consistent Hashing section links Apache Cassandra, Scaling Discord, and Google Maglev.
  • The Key-Value Store section links Amazon Dynamo, Cassandra Architecture, and Google BigTable Architecture.
  • This structure is useful for moving from notes to primary sources. However, the repository shows no runnable code, experiment environment, or performance benchmarks, so replication, sharding, and failure behavior cannot be validated from the project alone.
  • README chapters: “Chapter 5 - Design Consistent Hashing”; “Chapter 6 - Design A Key-Value Store”
  • README Additional Resources / Consistent Hashing: “Apache Cassandra”; “Scaling Discord”; “Google Maglev”
  • README Additional Resources / Key-Value Store: “Amazon Dynamo”; “Cassandra Architecture”; “Google BigTable Architecture”
  • Project insight: no runnable code, experiment environment, or validation benchmarks are shown
Not stated in the README:The README does not state whether the notes explain the differences among these papers point by point.;The README does not state whether examples include consistency models, fault injection, or performance numbers.
Yes I am preparing the Google Maps, YouTube, Google Drive, and S3-like Object Storage cases. I want to read continuously on the web and return to the Markdown index when I need to locate a chapter. Is this project a good fit for that reading workflow?
For: A system-design interview candidate who wants to study Google Maps, YouTube, Google Drive, and S3-like Object Storage through both web and Markdown views

Yes, it fits this two-entry reading workflow because the project preserves a repository Markdown index and provides an online page, while all four cases have dedicated chapters.

  • The README provides chapter links for Design YouTube, Design Google Drive, Design Google Maps, and S3-like Object Storage.
  • It also provides the online address https://pagefy.io/system-design/system-design-interview-by-alex-xu; the project data lists a Pagefy/Vercel homepage as well.
  • One limitation is that some README paths are not formatted consistently. For example, the Rate Limiter link contains a duplicated slash, so repository navigation may not always be uniform.
  • README chapters: “Design YouTube”; “Design Google Drive”; “Design Google Maps”; “S3-like Object Storage”
  • README: “Check the notes here: https://pagefy.io/system-design/system-design-interview-by-alex-xu”
  • Project data: homepage is `https://pagefy-blush.vercel.app/system-design/system-design-interview-by-alex-xu`
  • README link: `./04.%20Rate%20Limiter//`
Not stated in the README:The README does not state whether the Pagefy page is synchronized with the repository in real time.;The README does not state whether the online page provides search, section anchors, or offline reading.

✨ Highlights

  • Covers 28 system design topics from Scale to Stock Exchange
  • Includes Rate Limiter, Key-Value Store, and Google Maps
  • Adds external resources such as Amazon Dynamo and Snowflake
  • The README explicitly says these notes are a work in progress

🔧 Engineering

  • Organizes 28 system design interview topics, from Rate Limiter to Payment System
  • Provides further-reading links for chapters such as Consistent Hashing and Web Crawler

⚠️ Risks

  • The README says the content is still in progress, so it is not a complete Vol 1 and Vol 2 textbook
  • The project has no releases, its stack is Mixed/Unknown, and it provides no runnable implementation

👥 For who?

  • Engineers preparing for System Design Interview can review Chapters 1 through 28
  • Useful for readers who need to compare Snowflake, Amazon Dynamo, and Cassandra resources